DAFTAR KAWAN-KAWAN

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THE SUMMARY OF LARA JONGGRANG STORY

A long time ago there was a king called Ratu Boko who lived in Prambanan in central Java. He had a beautiful daughter named lara jonggrang.

The queen promised that she would become the wife of a handsome young prince who lived nearby. Then one day a horrible looking giant saw her. The giant lived by himself in the mountain in central java. He immediately decided that she had to become his wife.

            The king boko explained to him that his daughter would soon merry the young prince. “I don’t care!” shouted the giant. “she must be my wife”. Everyone was afraid of the terrible Giant. He was over ten feet tall and always carries a long sword. Kong boko and his daughter did know what to do.

            Suddenly lara jonggang thought of a way. “I shall agree to become your wife.” she said, “if you can build a thousand temples in one night. “  She thought that the giant would be unable to do this, but the giant laughed. “Oh that is easy! He said.

            He called together thousands of man from neighboring villages; they work so hard that just before the sun rose. They had built nine hundred and ninety nine temples.

            Lara jonggrang become frightened. She went quickly to the nearest village and asks for help. “Wake up all the cocks.” She said, “and make them crow. When the giant hears that he will believe that it is already morning.” When the giant hears the cocks crow, he thought he had been beaten. “Stop work!” he cried. He was so angry that he cut off the heads of the workers with his sword before they could run away.

            Later he found out that Lara jonggrang had tricked him. He then turns her into the thousandth temples. “If she does not want to marry me, “he said, “I should not allow her to merry anyone else.”

            Later his father made a statue of her. You can still see this statue at prambanan.

The Summary of This Story

The story was about the event that happened in central java for many years ago,

Title           : the legend of Lara jonggrang

Orientation:

v  Ratu Boko was the father of the Lara jonggrang and a wise man in that central java.

v  Lara jonggrang was the daughter of Ratu Boko and he was very beautiful girl.

v  Young prince was a handsome man who live nearby.

v  Giant was a horrible man who lived in the mountain in central java and did not have the goodness to other. He was a tall man.

v  Man from neighboring village are workers who helped Giant in building the temples in one night,

v  Cocks were the animal that helped the queen in postponing the giant planning.

Setting:

                   In central java.

                  

Complication:

The giant saw the queen from his place and then he decided want to merry the queen directly to be his wife, then Ratu Boko explained that the queen would soon merry the young prince who live nearby. But the Giant responded with a horrible answer. He said that “you should be my wife” then everyone was afraid toward the giant’s behavior. King Boko and his daughter did know what to do.

Resolution:

After few minutes the queen thought of a way to solve the problem, then she told to the giant that, “I would agree to be your wife if you were able to build one thousand temples in one night. She thought that the giant unable to do this.

Complication:

            The giant answers directly, he said, “That was so easy for me. The without wasting time he call thousand man in order to finish the temples in one night. Then the queen felt afraid.

Resolution:

In the early time before the sun rose, the queen went quickly to the nearest village to ask for help to the cock. Then ask them to crow in order to make sure that the sun had been already risen so the giant realized that he had already beaten.

Complication:

After hearing the cocks’ crow, he felt very despondent and angry to all the worker and Lara jonggrang, he said to all workers “stops……..stop…… then he cried loudly. So that he cut off the heads of several of the workers before they could run away. Later he found out that Lara jonggrang had tricked him. He then turns her into the thousandth temples. “If she does not want to marry me, “he said, “I should not allow her to merry anyone else.”.

Resolution:

Because the giant not allow anyone else to merry her so His father made a statue of her. You can still see this statue at prambanan.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT ELECTION

The implementation of local government election in 2011 must look more success than in 2006. Many people at that time worried about the success of the local election at that time. This is the second election in Tanoh Rencong that will be held in 2011. This election should be the best moment for the peaceful of Acehnese that had been developed for years, and also the quality of the implementation must be increased. The first vision of this election is to show the way for the peaceful. And the second is to increase the quality of peaceful by supplying the demarcation aspects. From my point of view, the differences of opinion of the leader in some party should be solved well in order it does not appear the problems. Lately there were some problem between the KIP and PA in determining the time and the candidates to be an independent as the governor and vice governor, regent and vice regent in regency. To reflect of the success of the local election as in 2006 is the hope of Aceh society. However all the level of society always keep trying to support the local government election in order the difference of the opinion can be managed as good as possible and at last it can be as the great decisions.

GENERAL SKILL-BUILDING TIPS FOR TOEFL

The best way for English-language learners to develop the skills measured by the TOEFL PREPARATION is to enroll in an English-language learning program that provides instruction in:

Ø  reading, speaking, listening, and writing skills, with an emphasis on speaking

Ø  integrated skills approach (e.g., instruction that builds skills in listening/ reading/speaking, listening/reading/writing)

In addition to the advice for improvement of the toefl has created the following tips for students, but they also contain information useful to teachers.

A. Reading Tips

English-language learners can improve their reading skills by reading regularly, especially university textbooks or other materials that cover a variety of subject areas (e.g., sciences, social sciences, arts, business, etc.) and are written in an academic style. A wide variety of academic texts are available on the Internet as well as in magazines and journals.

1.      Reading to Find Information

Ø  Scan passages to find and highlight key facts (dates, numbers, terms) and information.

Ø  Practice frequently to increase reading rate and fluency.

2.      Reading for Basic Comprehension

Ø  Increase vocabulary. Flashcards can help.

Ø  Practice skimming a passage quickly to get a general impression of the main idea, instead of carefully reading each word and each sentence.

Ø  Develop the ability to skim quickly and identify major points.

Ø  After skimming a passage, read it again more carefully and write down the main idea, major points, and important facts.

Ø  Choose some unfamiliar words in the passage and guess the meaning

from the context (surrounding sentences). Then, look them up to determine their meaning.

Ø  Underline all pronouns (e.g., he, him, they, them, etc.) and identify the nouns to which they refer in the passage.

Ø  Practice making inferences and drawing conclusions based on what is implied in the passage as a whole.

            B. Listening Tips

Listening to the English language frequently and reading a wide variety of academic materials is the best way to improve listening skills.

Watching movies and television, and listening to the radio provide excellent opportunities to build listening skills. Audiotapes and CDs of lectures and presentations are equally valuable and are available at libraries and bookstores. Those with transcripts are particularly helpful. The Internet is also a great resource for listening material (e.g., www.npr.org or www.bbc.co.uk/radio or www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish).

1.      Listening for Basic Comprehension

Ø  Increase vocabulary.

Ø  Focus on the content and flow of spoken material. Do not be distracted by the speaker’s style and delivery.

Ø  Anticipate what a person is going to say as a way to stay focused.

Ø  Stay active by asking yourself questions (e.g., What main idea is the professor communicating?).

Ø  Copy the words, “main idea, major points, and important details” on different lines of paper. Listen carefully, and write these down while listening. Continue listening until all important points and details are written down and then review them.

Ø  Listen to a portion of a lecture or talk and create an outline of important points. Use the outline to write a brief summary. Gradually increase the amount of the presentation you use to write the summary.

2.      Listening for Pragmatic Understanding10

Ø  Think about what each speaker hopes to accomplish: What is the purpose of the speech or conversation? Is the speaker apologizing, complaining, or making suggestions?

Ø  Notice each speaker’s style. Is the language formal or casual? How certain does each speaker sound? Is the speaker’s voice calm or emotional? What does the speaker’s tone of voice tell you?

Ø  Notice the speaker’s degree of certainty. How sure is the speaker about the information? Does the speaker’s tone of voice indicate something about his/her degree of certainty?

Ø  Listen for changes in topic or digressions11.

Ø   Watch a recorded TV or movie comedy. Pay careful attention to the way stress and intonation patterns are used to convey meaning.

3.      Listening to Connect and Synthesize12 Ideas

Ø  Think about how the lecture you’re hearing is organized. Listen for the signal words

that indicate the introduction, major steps or ideas, examples, and the conclusion or summary.

Ø  Identify the relationships between ideas. Possible relationships include: cause/effect, compare/contrast, and steps in a process.

Ø  Listen for words that show connections and relationships between ideas.

Ø  Listen to recorded material and stop the recording at various points. Predict what information or idea will be expressed next.

Ø  Create an outline of the information discussed while listening or after listening.

C. Speaking Tips

The best way to practice speaking is with native speakers of English. If you do not live in an English-speaking country, finding native speakers of English might be quite challenging. In some countries, there are English-speaking tutors or assistants who help students with conversation skills and overall communication skills. It is critical to find them and speak with them as often as possible. Another way to practice speaking is by joining an English club whose members converse in English about movies, music, and travel. If a club does not exist in your area, start one and invite native speakers to help you get started.

1.      Independent Speaking Tasks

Ø  Make a list of topics that are familiar, and practice speaking about them.

Ø  Describe a familiar place or recount a personal experience.

Ø  Later, state an opinion or a preference and present clear, detailed reasons for it.

Ø  Make a recommendation and explain why it is the best way to proceed.

Ø  Practice giving one-minute responses to topics.

2.      Integrated Speaking Tasks

Ø  Find a textbook that includes questions about the material at the end of chapters, and practice answering the questions orally.

Ø  Read a short article (100–200 words). Make an outline that includes only the major points of the article. Use the outline to orally summarize the information.

Ø  Find listening and reading material on the same topic covered by the article. The material can contain similar or different views. (The Internet and the library are good places to find information.) Take notes or create outlines on the listening and reading material:13

– Orally summarize the information in both the written and spoken materials. Be sure to paraphrase using different words and grammatical structures.

– Orally synthesize the material by combining the information from the reading and listening materials and explain how they relate.

– State an opinion about the ideas and information presented in the reading and listening material and explain how they relate.

– If the reading and/or listening material describes a problem, suggest and explain a solution to the problem.

Ø  Recognize the attitude of the speaker or the writer of the original material through intonation, stress, and word choice. This helps to understand their point of view and plan an appropriate response.

3.      All Speaking Tasks

Ø  Increase vocabulary and learn to use idiomatic speech appropriately.

Ø  Learn grammatical structures and use them naturally when speaking.

Ø  Work on pronunciation, including word stress, intonation patterns, and pauses. (There are a number of products and websites that can help you develop pronunciation skills.)

Ø  When practicing for the TOEFL iBT using the tips above, take 15 seconds to think about what you’re going to say before you speak. Write down a few key words and ideas, but do not attempt to write down exactly what you are going to say. (Raters will be able to detect responses that are read and give them a lower rating.)

Ø  Use signal words and expressions to introduce new information or ideas, to connect ideas, and to mark important words or ideas. This will help the listener easily follow what you are saying. (For example, “on the one hand…,” “but on the other hand…,” “what that means is…,” “The first reason is…,” “another difference is…”)

Ø  Make recordings of the above activities and evaluate your effort by asking yourself these questions:

– Did I complete the task?

– Did I speak clearly?

– Did I make grammatical errors?

– Did I use words correctly?

– Did I organize my ideas clearly and appropriately?

– Did I use the time effectively?

– Did I speak too fast or too slowly?

– Did I pause too often?

D. Writing Tips

1.      Integrated Writing Tasks

Find a textbook that includes questions about the material at the end of chapters and practice writing answers to the questions.

Ø  Read an article that is about 300–400 words long. Make an outline that includes the

major points and important details of the article. Use the outline to write a summary of the information and ideas. Summaries should be brief and clearly communicate only the major points and important details. Be sure to paraphrase using different words and grammatical structures.

Ø  Find listening and reading material on a single topic on the Internet or in the library. The material can provide similar or different views. Take notes on the written and spoken portions, and do the following:

– Summarize the information and ideas in both the written and spoken portions.

– Synthesize the information and discuss how the reading and listening materials relate.

Explain how the ideas expressed are similar, how one idea expands upon another, or how the ideas are different or contradict each other.

2.      Paraphrasing

 involves restating something from the source material in one’s own words. On the TOEFL iBT, test takers receive a score of zero if all they do is copy words from the reading passage. Practice paraphrasing words, phrases, sentences, and entire paragraphs frequently using the following tips:

Ø  Learn to find synonyms with ease. Pick 10 to 15 words or phrases in a reading passage and quickly think of synonyms without looking them up in a dictionary or thesaurus.

Ø  Write a paraphrase of a reading passage using only your notes. If you haven’t taken notes, write the paraphrase without looking at the original text. Then check the

paraphrase with the original passage to make sure that it is factually accurate and that you have used different words and grammatical structures.

3.      Independent Writing Tasks

Ø  Make a list of familiar topics and practice writing about them.

Ø  For each topic state an opinion or a preference and then support it with evidence.

Ø  Practice planning and writing at least one essay for each topic. Be sure to take 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise each essay.

Ø  Think about and list all ideas related to a topic or task before writing. This is also called “prewriting.”

Ø  Identify one main idea and some major points to support that idea, and plan how to communicate them (by creating, for example, an outline to organize ideas).

Ø  Create a focused thesis statement and use it to develop the ideas presented in the essay.

Ø  Develop the essay by using appropriate explanation and detail. All Writing Tasks

Ø  Increase vocabulary and knowledge of idiomatic speech so you can use it appropriately.

Ø  Learn grammatical structures so well that you can use them naturally when writing.

Ø  Learn the conventions of spelling, punctuation, and layout (e.g., paragraph creation).

Ø  Express information in an organized manner, displaying unity of thought and coherence.

Ø  Use signal words and phrases, such as “on the one hand” or “in conclusion,” to create a clear structure for your response.